“This post details the steps for backing up the content database of a SharePoint site through PowerShell.   view the steps for backing up a content database through Central Administration.”
PowerShell provides a means to backup data within SharePoint through the following command:

Backup-SPFarm -Directory [Path] -BackupMethod [Full|Differential] -Item [BackupItem] -Verbose -Percentage [Percentage]

Further information on each of the parameters in this command are outlined bellow.

Directory

The Directory parameters specifies the path where the backup will be generated.  This can either be a UNC path or a location on the server.   “You don’t need to enter the spbr* folder name as this will be auto generated”
BackupMethod
The backup method parameter details the type of backup that will be performed.  This can either be Full or Differential:

Full - backs up the selected content with all history

Differential - backs up all changes to the selected content since the last full backup

Item

The item parameter specifies the component within the farm that will be backed up.  If the item has a unique name you can use just that, however, if it doesn’t then you will need to us the path to the item within the farm.In order to get the path to the item you can use the following command:

Backup-SPFarm -ShowTree

This will list the tree structure of items within the farm.  In my experience the path to a content database within the farm is in the following format:
“Farm\Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Web Application\[Site Name]\[Content Database Name]”

Verbos

This parameter is optional.  The verbose parameter provides more information about the operation being run.

Percentage

This parameter is optional.  The percentage parameter can be used to report progress about the operation at defined percentage intervals.

SharePoint 2013 - Timer job not updating after re-deployment

When deploying a change to an existing timer job you need to restart the SharePoint Timer Job (owstimer.exe) service before the changes will be applied.
This can be achieved through:

net stop SPTimerV4
net start SPTimerV4