Thursday, January 7, 2016

Difference between DDL, DML and DCL,TCL commands?

Data Definition Language (DDL):
CREATE - to create objects in the database 
ALTER - alters the structure of the database 
DROP - delete objects from the database 
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed 


Data Manipulation Language (DML): 
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database 
INSERT - insert data into a table 
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table 
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain 


Data Control Language (DCL) : 
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database 
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command

Transaction Control (TCL) :
COMMIT - save work done 
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back 
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT 
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback 

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